Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is a national park in western Uganda. It is part of the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest. It is located along the Democratic Republic of the Congo border next to the Virunga National Park and on the border of the Albertine Rift. Composed of 321 km2 (124 sq mi) of lowland and montane forest, it is accessible only on foot. It is a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-designated World Heritage Site.
Species variety is part of the park. It provides habitat for 120 species of animals, 350 species of birds, 310 species of butterflies, 27 species of frogs, chameleons, geckos, and many endangered species. Floristically, the park is among the most various forests in East Africa, with more than 1,000 flowering plant species, including 200 species of trees and 104 species of ferns. The northern sector has many species of Guineo-Congolian flora, including two endangered species, the brown mahogany and Brazzeia longipedicellata. Bwindi Impenetrable National Park shares the high levels of endemisms of the Albertine Rift.
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is a place for colobus monkeys, chimpanzees, and many birds such as hornbills and turacos. It is most famous for the 400 Bwindi gorillas, half of the world’s population of the mountain gorillas. Fourteen mountain gorilla groups live in four different sectors of Buhoma, Ruhijja, Rushaga, and the Nkuringo in the districts of Kanungu, Kabale, and Kisoro separately, all are managed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority.
The Bwindi Impenetrable Forest is old, difficult, and biologically wealthy. Different species are a part of the park, and it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its eco-friendly significance. Among the East African forests, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park has some of the richest populations of trees, small mammals, birds, reptiles, butterflies, and moths. The park’s different species are partially a result of the big variations of hills and habitat types in the park, and may even be because the forest was a haven for species during glaciations in the Pleistocene period. The park’s forests are Afromontane, which is an occasional vegetation type on the African continent. Located where plain and mountain forests meet, there is a spectrum of low-altitude to high-altitude direct forests in the park, one of the few big areas of East African forest where this happens. Bwindi Impenetrable National has more than 220 tree species, more than 50% of Uganda’s tree species, and more than 100 fern species. The brown mahogany is an endangered plant species in the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest.
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park is important for the conservation of the Afromontane fauna, mainly species endemic to the Western Rift Valley’s mountains. It is thought to have one of the richest faunal societies in East Africa, including more than 350 bird species and more than 200 butterfly species. There are approximately 120 mammal species in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, of which 10 are primates, and more than 45 are small animals. Along with mountain gorilla, species in the park include the common chimpanzee, L’Hoest’s monkey, African elephant, African green broadbill, cream-banded swallowtail, black and white colobus, red-tailed monkeys, vervets, the giant forest hog. The fish species in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park’s rivers and streams are not well known.
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