Kidepo Valley National Park
Kidepo Valley National Park is located near Karenga in Kaabong District, in the northeastern part of Uganda. The park is around 220 kilometres, by road northwest of Moroto, the biggest town in the sub-region. It is about 520 kilometers, by road, northeast of Kampala, Uganda’s capital and biggest city. The northwestern border of the park runs along the international border with Bira, South Sudan, and borders against its Kidepo Game Reserve.
Kidepo Valley National Park is a 1,442 square kilometers national park in the Karamoja region in northeast Uganda. Kidepo is a rugged savannah, dominated by the 2,750-meter Mount Morungole and transected by the Kidepo and Narus rivers.
The Ketebo or Mening are the earliest residents of the area, who had been living here since 1800. It was gazetted as a game reserve by the British colonial government in 1958, and the people were evicted. The purpose was both to save the animals from hunting and to control different clearing of bush for tsetse fly-control. The displacement of the resident people and the resulting famine, mainly the Ketebo people who were forcefully migrated to different areas within Bira such as Napotpot, Kalo Kudo, Namosingo, Loriwo, and Naurkori in South Sudan, was noted by park management as an example of the inappropriate outcomes of not taking residents needs into history when establishing reserves.
The park has two major valley systems, the Kidepo and Narus Rivers. The valley bottoms lie between 3,000 feet and 4,000 feet. Kanangorok (also spelled Kananorok or Kanatarok) is a neutral hot spring in the extreme north of the park, in Lotukei, South Sudanese boundary. This spring is the most endless source of water in the park.
The soil in the park is grey. In the Kidepo Valley, black chalky clay and sandy-clay soil predominate, while the Narus Valley has freer-draining red clays and soils. Most of the park has open tree savannah. Because of differences in rainfall with yearly averages of 89 cm in Narus and 64 cm in the Kidepo valleys, vegetation and animal populations differ between the two valleys.
Narus is a name given by the Ketebo Clan which were the people living in the Valley. Primary grasses in the Narus Valley are the shorter red oat grass taller bunchy Guinea grass and fine thatching grass. Typical trees in the dry places are red thorn acacias, desert dates, and to a smaller size drumstick trees. Sausage trees and fan palms line the water courses, and the shorter monkey bread and Buffalo thorn trees are also in the park. Yearly water makes River Kidepo an oasis in the semi-desert which brings almost 86 animal species including spotted hyena, lion, cheetah, African leopard, African wild dog, African bush elephant, giraffe, zebra, African buffalo, bat-eared fox, Rothschild’s giraffe, and nearly 500 bird species.
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